A vulnerablity (CVE-2023-25690) found within Apache httpd means that some Rewrite rules could be broken, highlighted by this error in the log:
AH10411: Rewritten query string contains control characters or spaces
The error is self-explanatory, there is control characters or spaces present in the query string which is used within the Rewrite, these characters will be rejected.
You can add a flag to your Rewrite to ensure the characters are escaped.
https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/rewrite/flags.html#flag_bctls [BCTLS]
And this PoC provides useful information as to the risk: